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allows you to select the keyboard layout you would like and change your keyboard preferences. \marginnote{The \emph{keyboard indicator} only appears when you have chosen more than one keyboard layout in the keyboard settings during installation.}

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[Messaging indicator] incorporates all your social applications. From here, you can access your instant messenger client, your email client, your microblogging application, and even \application{Ubuntu One}, your personal cloud!

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[Clock] displays the current time and provides an easy way to access your calendar and time and date settings.

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[User menu] allows you to easily switch between different users and access your online and user accounts.

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[Session indicator] provides an easy way to access system settings, software updates, printers, and session options for locking your computer, logging out of your session, restarting the computer, or shutting down completely.

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\marginscreenshot{02-indicators.png}{ss:indicators}{The Indicators of the menu bar.} Every application has a menuing system where different actions can be executed in an application (like \menu{File}, \menu{Edit}, \menu{View}, etc.); the menuing system for an application is appropriately called the \menu{application menu}. In \application{Unity}, the \emph{application menu} isn't on the titlebar of the application as is commonly the case with other \acronym{GUI} environments. \marginnote{Note that some older applications may still display their menu within the application window.} Instead, it is located to the left area of the menu bar. To show an application's menu, just move your mouse to the Ubuntu desktop's menu bar. While your mouse is positioned here, the active application's menu options will superimpose itself over the Ubuntu desktop's menu bar, allowing you to use the application's menus. Moving your mouse away from the menu bar will allow Ubuntu desktop's menu bar to reappear. This capability of \application{Unity} to only show the application's menu when needed is especially beneficial for netbook and laptop users as it provides you with more free work space.

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\screenshot{02-Launcher.png}{ss:Launcher}{The Ubuntu 12.10 Launcher on the left with a sample of applications on it.} \index{Launcher} The vertical bar of icons on the left side of the screen is called the Launcher. The Launcher provides easy access to applications, mounted devices, and the \menu{Trash}. All running applications on your system will place an icon in the Launcher while the application is running. The first icon at the top of the Launcher is the Dash, a major innovation and core element of \application{Unity} \dash we will explore the Dash in a later section of this chapter. By default, other applications appear on the Launcher, including \application{LibreOffice} and \application{Firefox}, the \menu{workspace switcher} lens, any mounted devices, and, of course, the always-important \menu{Trash} lens at the bottom of the Launcher. \marginnote{The \application{workspace switcher} helps you to select the workspace or the window you want. \menu{Trash} contains deleted files.} \marginnote{Tip: Pressing \keystroke{Super+S} will show the content of the workspaces on one screen. Super key is also known as the Windows key (Win key). It is located between the left \keystroke{Strg} key and \keystroke{Alt} key.}

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\marginnote{If you hold the Super key, a number will appear on each of the first ten applications, along with a margin containing useful shortcuts. You can launch an application with a number \textit{n} on it by typing \keystroke{Super+\textit{n}}.} To run an application from the Launcher (or cause an already-running application to appear), just click on the application's icon. Running applications will have one or more triangles on the left side of the icon, indicating the number of application windows open for this application. The application in the foreground (meaning on top of all other open application windows) is indicated by a single white triangle on the right side of its icon. You can also run an application through the Dash. We will talk about the Dash, in the \seclink{sec:dash} section.

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\marginnote{The Dash allows you to search for information, both locally (installed applications, recent files, bookmarks, etc.) as well as remotely (Twitter, Google Docs, etc.). This is accomplished by utilizing one or more lenses, each responsible for providing a category of search results for the Dash. For more information about the Dash and its lenses, see: \url{https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Unity}.} The Dash is a tool to help you access and find applications and files on your computer quickly. If you are a Windows user, you'll find the Dash to be a more advanced \emph{Start Menu}. If you are a Mac user, the Dash is similar to \application{Launchpad} in the dock. If you've used a previous version of Ubuntu or another \acronym{GNOME} Linux distribution, the Dash replaces the \acronym{GNOME}~2 menus. To explore the Dash, click on the top-most icon on the Launcher; the icon has the Ubuntu logo on it. After selecting the Dash icon, another window will appear with a search bar on the top as well as grouping of recently accessed applications, files, and downloads. The search bar provides \marginnote{There are many sites now on the Internet dedicated to creating and releasing lenses for the Ubuntu Unity desktop. Some sites even teach you how to make your own lenses and maximize the efficencies of the Ubuntu Unity interface.} dynamic results as you enter your search terms. The eight lenses at the bottom are links to your \emph{Home} lens, \emph{Applications} lens, \emph{Wikipedia} lens, \emph{Files and Folders} lens, \emph{Social} lens, \emph{Music} lens, \emph{Photo} lens, and \emph{Videos} lens. Lenses act as specialized search categories in the Dash. \screenshot{02-dash-home.png}{ss:dash-home}{The Dash}

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Dash can help you find the names of files or folders. Simply type in what you remember of the name of the file or folder, and as you type, results will appear in the Dash. The \emph{Files} lens can also assist you in finding files or folders. The \emph{Files} lens shows you the most recent files accessed, as well as recent downloads. You can use the \emph{filter results} button in the top-right corner of the Dash to filter results to your requirements by file or folder modification times, by file type (.odt, .pdf, .doc, .tex, etc.), or by size.