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51.

Prologue

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\marginnote{If you are installing on a new machine with no operating system, you will not get the first option. The upgrade option is only available if you are upgrading from a previous version of Ubuntu.} This next step is often referred to as \gls{partitioning}. Partitioning is the process of allocating portions of your hard drive for a specific purpose. When you create a \gls{partition}, you are essentially dividing up your hard drive into sections that will be used for different types of information. Partitioning can sometimes seem complex to a new user; however, it does not have to be. In fact, Ubuntu provides you with some options that greatly simplify this process. The Ubuntu installer will automatically detect any existing operating system installed on your machine, and present installations options based on your system. The options listed below depend on your specific system and may not all be available:

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Ubuntu will now finish installing on your hard drive. As the installation progresses, a slideshow will give you an introduction to some of the default applications included with Ubuntu. These applications are covered in more detail in \chaplink{ch:default-applications}. The slideshow will also highlight the Ubuntu support options: \screenshot{01-installation-any-questions.png}{ss:installation-Any Questions}{Ubuntu community support options. Where to get help for Ubuntu.}

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\marginnote{To read more about other variants of Ubuntu, refer to \chaplink{ch:learning-more}.} In Linux distributions (such as Ubuntu), a number of desktop environments are available. Ubuntu uses \application{Unity} as the default desktop environment. After installing and logging in to Ubuntu, you will see the \application{Unity} desktop. This initial view is comprised of the \seclink{sec:desktop-background} and two \emph{bars}\dash one is horizontally located at the top of your desktop called \seclink{sec:menu-bar}, and the other bar is vertically oriented at the far left, called \menu{the Launcher}.

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\warning{Unity comes in two versions\dash \emph{Unity 2D} and \emph{Unity 3D}. By default, Ubuntu installs the \emph{Unity 3D} interface. This interface is a graphic intensive desktop interface allowing for smooth transitions, stacking icons in the Launcher, and transparent utility and shell windows, to name a few features. \emph{Unity 2D} is a less-graphic-intensive shell interface\dash equal in comparsion to its ``big brother''. \emph{Unity 2D} is available as an additional download. Although the two variants of Unity may show slight differences in the ``look and feel'' of the desktop, Unity does not impact the functionality of the application or utility being displayed. The details of how Unity came to replace GNOME, features of the Unity interface, and how to install both types, can be found by searching \emph{Unity user interface} at \url{http://en.wikipedia.org}}.

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Below the menu bar is an image that covers the entire desktop. This is the default desktop background, or wallpaper, belonging to the default Ubuntu 12.04 theme known as \emph{Ambiance.} To learn more about customizing your desktop (including changing your background), see the section on \seclink{sec:customizing-desktop} below.

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The menu bar incorporates common functions used in Ubuntu 12.04. The icons on the far-right of the menu bar are called the \emph{indicator area}. Each installation of Ubuntu may contain slightly different types and quantities of icons based on a number of factors, including type of hardware and available on-board accessories. The most common indicators are (starting from the left): \marginnote{For more about: \begin{itemize} \item the \application{Messaging Indicator} see \seclink{sec:micro-blogging}; \item the \application{Network Indicator} see \seclink{sec:getting-online}; \item the \application{Session Indicator} see \seclink{sec:session-options}. \end{itemize}}

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allows you to select the keyboard layout you would like and change your keyboard preferences. \marginnote{The \emph{keyboard indicator} only shows when you have chosen more than one keyboard layout in the keyboard settings during installation.}

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[Network indicator] allows you to manage your network connections and connect quickly and easily to a wired or wireless network.

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[Sound indicator] provides an easy way to adjust the sound volume as well as access your music player and sound settings.